The Basic "Also, Too": 도
The particle 도 is the most common and neutral way to express "also" or "too" in Korean. It attaches directly to a noun (or other parts of speech) to indicate that the item is being added to a pre-existing list or context.
How to Use
Simply attach 도 to the noun you want to add. It replaces subject particles like 이/가 and object particles like 을/를 .
Noun + 도
Examples
In a positive sentence:
준호는 학생이에요. 저 도 학생이에요.
Junho is a student. I am also a student.
In a negative sentence:
저는 사과를 안 좋아해요. 배 도 안 좋아해요.
I don't like apples. I don't like pears, either .
Adding to the List: 까지
While 까지 is often learned as "until" or "to" for time and place, as a special particle it means "even" or "including." It's used to add another item to a list, often with a nuance that this addition is somewhat surprising, extreme, or more than what was expected.
How to Use
Attach 까지 to a noun. Like 도 , it often replaces other particles like 이/가 or 을/를 .
Noun + 까지
Examples
점심을 먹고, 디저트로 케이크 까지 먹었어요.
I ate lunch, and for dessert, I even ate cake.
다른 사람들은 다 괜찮은데, 너 까지 왜 그래?
Everyone else is fine, why are even you being like this?
Here, adding the cake is extra, and "you" being difficult is unexpected.
The Last Remaining Thing: 마저
The particle 마저 also translates to "even," but it has a very specific nuance. It implies that the noun it's attached to is the very last one of its kind, and now it's gone or affected too. This often creates a feeling of disappointment, resignation, or that a bad situation has become complete.
How to Use
Attach 마저 to the "last remaining" noun in a situation.