The Particle 부터
The Particle 부터: Marking a Starting Point
The particle 부터 attaches to nouns to indicate a starting point. It's often translated as "from" or "starting from" in English. It can be used for time, place, or order.
Usage with Time
Use 부터 with time-related nouns to show when an action or state begins.
아침부터 (from the morning)
3시부터 (from 3 o'clock)
어제부터 (since yesterday)
Example: 수업은 9시부터 시작해요. (The class starts from 9 o'clock.)
Usage with Place
Use 부터 with location nouns to mark the starting point of a journey, range, or area.
여기부터 (from here)
서울부터 (from Seoul)
Example: 여기부터 저기까지 걸어갈까요? (Shall we walk from here to there?)
Usage with Order
You can also use 부터 to indicate which item or task is first in a sequence.
Example: 이것부터 하세요. (Please do this first / Start with this.)
The Particle 마다 (Each/Every)
The Particle 마다: Indicating Repetition
The particle 마다 attaches to nouns to mean "each" or "every". It signifies that an action or state applies to every single instance of the noun it follows.
Usage with Time Units
It's very commonly used with nouns that represent intervals of time.
날마다 (every day)
주말마다 (every weekend)
아침마다 (every morning)
10분마다 (every 10 minutes)
Example: 아침마다 조깅을 해요. (I go jogging every morning.)
Usage with Other Nouns
마다 can also be attached to other nouns to mean "each" individual within a group.
사람마다 (each person)
나라마다 (every country)
책상마다 (on each desk)
Example: 사람마다 생각이 달라요. (Each person has different thoughts.)