Core Grammar Rule: ~(으)ㄹ뿐더러
This pattern means "not only... but also..." and is used to add another fact or situation to the first one. It often carries a nuance that the second fact makes the situation even worse or more significant.
Meaning & Usage
Meaning: It connects two related clauses, where the second clause adds more information, often negative, to the first. It's stronger than simply using ~고 (and).
When to use: Use it when you want to stack reasons or facts to strengthen your point, especially in complaints, justifications, or when describing a multifaceted situation. For example, "The restaurant was expensive, and on top of that, it wasn't even tasty." (그 식당은 비쌀뿐더러 맛도 없었어요.)
Conjugation Rules
Rule: The conjugation depends on the ending of the verb or adjective stem.
Verbs/Adjectives ending in a vowel or ㄹ: Attach ~ㄹ뿐더러. (e.g., 예쁘다 → 예쁠뿐더러, 멀다 → 멀뿐더러)
Verbs/Adjectives ending in a consonant: Attach ~을뿐더러. (e.g., 좋다 → 좋을뿐더러, 작다 → 작을뿐더러)
Nouns: Use 일뿐더러 for nouns. (e.g., 학생이다 → 학생일뿐더러)
Vowel/ㄹ: ~ㄹ뿐더러 / Consonant: ~을뿐더러 / Noun: ~일뿐더러
Synonyms & Differences
While ~(으)ㄹ뿐더러 adds information, it has a specific nuance that differs from other connecting grammar patterns.
~(으)ㄹ뿐더러 vs. ~고
Context: ~고 is a neutral connector for "and." It simply lists two facts without implying one is worse or more important. ~(으)ㄹ뿐더러 adds emphasis, suggesting the second fact is an additional, often negative, layer.
Example: '날씨가 춥고 바람이 불어요.' (The weather is cold and the wind is blowing. - Neutral fact). vs. '날씨가 추울뿐더러 바람도 많이 불어요.' (Not only is it cold, but the wind is also blowing hard. - Emphasizes the bad conditions).
~(으)ㄹ뿐더러 vs. ~(으)ㄴ/는데다가
Context: ~(으)ㄴ/는데다가 is very similar to ~(으)ㄹ뿐더러 and often interchangeable. However, ~(으)ㄴ/는데다가 can be used for both positive and negative situations. ~(으)ㄹ뿐더러 is almost exclusively used to add a negative or problematic fact to another negative one.
~(으)ㄹ뿐더러: Adds a negative fact / ~(으)ㄴ/는데다가: Adds a positive or negative fact