A High-Frequency Word Family
In Korean, four very common descriptive verbs share the same root pattern. They are used to describe situations, states, or ask questions:
이렇다 (to be like this)
그렇다 (to be like that)
저렇다 (to be like that over there)
어떻다 (to be how)
While they are technically part of the ㅎ irregular family (just like color adjectives), they are used so frequently in daily conversation that it is much easier to memorize them as a single group.
Present Tense Transformation
When these words meet the present tense ending -아요/어요 , two things happen:
The ㅎ at the bottom disappears.
The vowel changes to 애요 .
Dictionary Form · Present Tense
이렇다 · 이래요
그렇다 · 그래요
저렇다 · 저래요
어떻다 · 어때요
Past Tense Transformation
The past tense follows the exact same logic. Instead of 애요 , you use 앴어요 .
Dictionary Form · Past Tense
이렇다 · 이랬어요
그렇다 · 그랬어요
저렇다 · 저랬어요
어떻다 · 어땠어요
Common Mistake to Avoid
Because these words are irregular, you cannot simply attach -어요 or -았어요 directly to the stem.
Mistake to Avoid
Learners often try to keep the ㅎ when conjugating. This results in unnatural forms.
Incorrect: 어떻어요?
Incorrect: 어떻애요?
Correct: 어때요? (How is it?)
Always remember that the ㅎ drops completely before these vowels.
Watch out: Do not say 어떻어요