Core Pattern Rule: -(으)ㄴ/는데도
This pattern expresses an unexpected or contrary result, similar to "even though" or "despite the fact that." It connects a clause stating a fact or situation with a second clause that defies expectations.
Formation Rules
The ending attaches differently depending on the word type and tense.
Action Verbs (Present Tense): Attach -는데도 directly to the verb stem.
운동하다 → 운동하는데도 (Even though I exercise)
Action Verbs (Past Tense): Attach -았/었는데도 to the verb stem.
먹다 → 먹었는데도 (Even though I ate)
자다 → 잤는데도 (Even though I slept)
Descriptive Verbs (Adjectives):
Stems ending in a vowel: -ㄴ데도 (e.g., 비싸다 → 비싼데도)
Stems ending in a consonant: -은데도 (e.g., 좋다 → 좋은데도)
Nouns: Attach -(이)ㄴ데도.
Nouns ending in a vowel: -ㄴ데도 (e.g., 주말 + 이다 → 주말인데도)
Nouns ending in a consonant: -인데도 (e.g., 학생 + 이다 → 학생인데도)
있다 / 없다: Attach -는데도.
있다 → 있는데도
없다 → 없는데도
운동하는데도 살이 안 빠져. / 먹었는데도 배고파. / 비싼데도 맛없어. / 주말인데도 일해.
Synonyms & Differences: -(으)ㄴ/는데도 vs. -아/어도
Both -(으)ㄴ/는데도 and -아/어도 can be translated as "even though," but they have different nuances.
-(으)ㄴ/는데도: Factual Contrast
This pattern emphasizes a specific, existing reality. The first clause is a fact that has already happened or is currently true, and the second clause is the surprising result. It often carries a nuance of surprise, complaint, or frustration.
Meaning: "Despite the fact that..."
Example: 약을 먹었는데도 아파요. (I took the medicine (fact), but it still hurts (unexpected result).)
-아/어도: General or Hypothetical Concession
This pattern is more general and can be used for hypothetical situations. It means "even if" or "regardless of whether." It concedes a point but states that it doesn't change the outcome.