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아/어 지다 · Expression dictionary | Talkori

Expression dictionary
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아/어 지다

아/어 지다

Expression dictionary — full article

States & Progress · to become, to get, to turn (into), -ed (passive)

Choices & Alternatives

대신(에)

instead of, in place of, in return for, as compensation for

-(이)나

or, either...or, as many as, as much as, at least, (just) any

V+건

whether... or..., no matter what/who/where/when/how, regardless of whether...

V+거나

or, whether...or..., either...or...

V+(ㄴ)다든지, (이)라든지

whether... or..., such as..., for example..., perhaps... or perhaps...

V+(ㄴ/는)다거나, (이)라거나

or..., or something like that, whether... or..., such as...

V+(ㄴ)다든가, (이)라든가

whether... or..., such as..., or something like that, or whatever.

V+든가

or..., why don't you..., how about... Quick Usage: Attaches directly to the verb stem regardless of final consonant or vowel.

V+느니

rather than... I'd..., instead of... I'd..., better to... than...

(으)ㄹ까 말까

to consider whether to do or not; to be on the fence about; to hesitate whether to

(으)ㄹ 바에야

"Rather than...", "If I have to...", "Instead of...", "I'd rather... than...".

V+(으/느/이)냐고

"asking if/whether", "wondering if/whether", "reported question ending"

Comparison & Degree

-보다

than; compared to

N+당

per, for each, a (in the sense of 'per')

아/어 대다

keep on ~ing excessively, constantly ~ing, always ~ing (annoyingly), do nothing but ~

-만큼

Other Connectives

(으)ㄹ 정도로

to the extent that; so much that; so... that; enough to

V+(으)ㄹ수록

The more... the more..., As... increases, so does...

(으)ㄹ 만하다

worth doing, worth considering, deserving of, good enough to

N+짜리

worth, for, of (a certain value/amount), piece (for currency)

(으)ㄹ 정도이다

to the extent that, so much that, so... that..., to such a degree that

V+(ㄴ/는)다기보다는/(이)라기보다는

Listing and Choice

N+어치

Listing and Choice

처럼

like, as, similar to

V+듯이

just as..., as if..., like..., as...

-같이

like, as, as if, similar to

N+답다

like a true N, worthy of N, N-like (in a positive sense). Attaches directly to nouns without a particle.

에 비해(서)/비하면

Compared to, in comparison with, relative to. Quick Usage: Attaches to nouns. '서' is optional, and '비하면' adds a conditional nuance.

(으)ㄴ/는 셈이다

It's like saying..., It amounts to..., It's as good as..., It can be considered...

아/어 빠지다

utterly, completely, excessively, too much, to be stuck in (a bad way)

다시피 하다

N + 껏

as much as one can, to one's full extent/capacity, all one's, all the

V+(으)리만치

to the extent that, so much so that, to such a degree that

Conditions & Hypotheses

V+(으)면

if, when (conditional), whenever

V+아/어야

only if, unless (when negative), must (as a condition)

V+든지

Regardless of; No matter whether/what/who/where; It doesn't matter if...

V-(으)려면

If you want to..., If you intend to..., In order to...

고 나면

Once (one) has V-ed, then..., After V-ing, (then)...

다고/라고 치다

Let's assume that..., Supposing that..., Even if we say that..., Granting that...

V+(으)려거든

If you intend to..., If you want to..., If you're going to..., In order to...

에 따라(서)

depending on, according to, based on. Quick Usage: Attaches to nouns or noun phrases, indicating a variable factor.

V+(ㄴ/는)다면

If (it were to happen), Supposing that, If it were the case that

다(가) 보면

If one keeps doing X, then Y happens; Eventually, by doing X, Y will happen; When you keep doing X, you'll find Y.

V+다가는

If you keep V-ing, then...; If you continue to V, you might...; V-ing too much will lead to...

V+더라면

If (it) had been...; If (I) had done...

노라면/느라면

if one keeps doing X, then Y happens; as one continues to X, Y naturally occurs/is realized

Contrast & Concession

V+으나

Although, Even though, But, However, Despite

V+지만

but; although; even though

-(이)라도

at least, even if it's just, even a, if nothing else

V+(스)ㅂ니다만

"..., but..." (polite), "..., however..." (polite), "..., though..."

에도 불구하고

Despite, in spite of, regardless of

V+(으)려다가

was going to... but then..., intended to... but ended up..., on the verge of... but...

V+(으)되

but, however, although, while, provided that, it is said that... but

는 반면에

whereas; while; on the other hand; in contrast

거나 말거나

Whether or not; Regardless of whether; No matter if.

V+(ㄴ/는)답시고

claiming to be/do X, but...; under the pretext of X, but...; trying to X, only to fail/be ridiculed.

을/를 막론하고

Regardless of, Irrespective of, No matter (who/what/where/when)

건 말건

Whether or not; regardless of whether... or not

N+(이)랍시고

claiming to be..., for someone who calls themselves..., under the pretense of being...

V+아/어도

even if, even though, no matter how/what

V+기는(요)

Not really; Hardly; What do you mean...?; It's not that...; On the contrary.

V-(으)ㄴ들

Even if..., No matter how/what..., What good would it do if...?

V+더라도

Even if..., No matter how..., Regardless of...

만 해도

as recently as, even just, even if only

아/어 봤자

It's no use ~ing; What's the point of ~ing?; Even if you ~, it's pointless. [Quick Usage]: Attaches to verb/adjective stems using the 아/어 conjugation form.

N+(은/는)커녕

Far from; Let alone; Not to mention; Not even

V+(으)ㄹ망정 / (으)ㄹ지언정

Even though, Even if, Although, While it may be true that...

(으)나 마나

It's no use; It makes no difference; Pointless; Futile.

Conversational Expressions

-요

Polite ending, Informal polite speech, Short polite reply

V+(ㄴ/는)다

Plain declarative form; Informal statement ending

V+(은/ㄴ/는)데

but, and, so, however, by the way, you know, the thing is...

V+(으)시

Honorific marker; (no direct English equivalent, but implies respect for the subject)

N+님

Mr./Ms./Mx., Sir/Ma'am, esteemed, respected (suffix)

V+군(요)/구나/구먼

Oh, I see!; So it is!; It turns out that...; Wow, it's...

V+냐

"Do you...?", "Are you...?", "Will you...?", "Is it...?" (informal question ending)

V+(으)오/소

Formal/Archaic Declarative/Interrogative/Imperative/Propositive Ending (하오체 speech level)

아/어 달라고

asked me to..., requested that I..., told me to...

V+로군(요)/로구나/로구먼/로고

Oh, I see!, How...!, It is indeed..., So it is!

V+지

right?, isn't it?, don't you think?, of course

V-(으)라고 / V-라고

"told (someone) to...", "said to...", "asked (someone) to...", "said that (someone) should...". Quick Usage: Use -으라고 after a verb stem ending in a consonant, and -라고 after a verb stem ending in a vowel or 'ㄹ'.

V+(는/ㄴ)다고

"He said that...", "She stated that...", "They reported that...", "It is said that..."

(ㄴ/는)다는

"that (someone said/is)", "called", "named", "which is"

V+(스)ㅂ니까

Is it...?, Do you...?, Are you...? (Formal Question Ending)

V+(으)ㅂ시다

Let's..., Shall we...?

V+자고

said to suggest that..., suggested that we...

V+던데(요)

I noticed that..., It turns out that..., I saw/heard that..., You know,...

V+나이다

Highly formal declarative ending; Archaic honorific statement.

V+네(요)

"Oh, I see...", "Wow, it's...", "It turns out that...", "Indeed, it is..."

V+잖아

"You know," "As you know," "Isn't it obvious that...", "I mean," "Of course,"

V+데(요)

"You know...", "I saw/heard/experienced that...", "By the way,..."

V+다면서(요)

Is it true that...?, I heard that... (is that right?), You said that... (didn't you?)

V+다니/라니/냐니/자니

To think that...; I can't believe that...; Are you saying that...?; The fact that... (is surprising/unbelievable).

V+(으)오/(으)옵/사오/사옵/자오/자옵

Humbly, respectfully, with utmost deference.

V+더냐

Did you...?, Was it...?, Do you remember...? Quick Usage: Attach directly to verb stems; no distinction for consonant/vowel endings.

Emphasis & Limitation

만

only, just, merely

-밖에

only, nothing but, no more than, just

N+더러

to (someone); telling (someone); asking (someone)

(ㄴ/는)단/(이)란 말

"You mean...", "So you're saying...", "The point is...", "It means that..."

-뿐

only, nothing but, just

기 마련이다

is bound to; is destined to; is naturally; it's only natural that

V+다시피

As you know, As you can see, As you heard, As you might expect.

V+는/(으)ㄴ/(으)ㄹ

who/which/that + [verb] (present/past/future tense), a [verb]-ing Noun, a [verb]-ed Noun, a Noun to [verb]

지 않다

do not, is not, are not, does not. Quick Usage: Attach directly to the verb or adjective stem.

안 아요

don't, doesn't, isn't, aren't, not. Quick Usage: Place '안' directly before the verb or adjective you want to negate. For '하다' verbs, '안' goes between the noun and '하다'.

N+치고

There is no N that is not..., Every N..., For N, without exception...

N+끼리

among themselves, between/among [group] only, just [group], by [group] alone

-조차

even; not even (in negative sentences); let alone

(으)ㄹ 뻔하다

-(이)야말로

indeed, truly, the very, the ultimate, if anything is X, it's this

N+마저(도)

even, even...too, even...as well

(으)ㄴ/는 법이다

"is bound to", "is destined to", "it's natural that", "it's the way things are", "must be"

V+건대

In my opinion, From what I see, I believe that, It seems to me that.

Guessing & Possibility

N+쯤

about, around, approximately, roughly

(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다

can / cannot, be able to / be unable to, it is possible / it is impossible

(으)ㄹ 것이다

will, be going to, must be, probably, likely

(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다

It seems that..., It looks like..., It appears that...

ㄹ/을 리가 없다

There's no way that..., It can't be that..., It's impossible that...

V+(으)랴

How could one possibly...?, Who has time to...?, Too busy with X to do Y

V+(으)ㄹ까

Shall we...?, How about...?, Should I...?, I wonder if...

V+(으)ㄴ가(요), 나(요)

I wonder if..., Is it that...?, Could it be...?

V+(으)ㄹ지(도)

might, may, could, it's possible that..., perhaps

아/어 보이다

looks like, seems to be, appears to be

V+(으)리라

I will certainly..., It shall be..., It is bound to... Quick Usage: Attach -리라 to verbs ending in a vowel or 'ㄹ', and -으리라 to verbs ending in a consonant (except 'ㄹ').

V+(으)ㄹ걸(요)

I guess..., I suppose..., probably..., might be...

는/(으)ㄴ/(으)ㄹ 것 같다

It seems like; It looks like; I think; I guess; It appears that

지 못하다

cannot; be unable to; fail to

아/어 하다

seems to be...; appears to be...; acts like...; is acting...

V+(으)ㄹ라

lest, for fear that, worried that, concerned that

(으)ㄹ 수도 있다/없다

might, may, could, it's possible that..., there's a possibility that...

(았/었/했)을 것

must have (done/been), would have (done/been), probably (did/was)

(으)ㄹ지(도) 모르다

might; could; don't know if/whether; perhaps

(으)ㄹ 텐데

probably will, must be, I suppose, I expect that...

V+던가

Was it that...?, Did...?, I wonder if..., Don't tell me...

V+(으/ㄹ/을)려나

I wonder if...; I wonder whether...; Could it be that...?

ㄹ/을 길이 없다

There's no way to..., It's impossible to..., There's no means of...

V+(으)리오

How could...?; Is it possible that...?; It cannot be so.

V+겠거니

I figured, I assumed, I supposed, thinking that...

Hopes & Resolutions

V+아/어야지

I must/will definitely..., I've got to..., I should/ought to (with strong resolve)

았/었으면 좋겠다

I wish (that)...; I hope (that)...; It would be good if...

기로 하다

to decide to, to agree to, to make a resolution to

V+(으)ㅁ세

"Let's...", "We shall...", "I shall...", "We will...", "Let us..." (when used as a proposal) or "I will..." (when used as a firm intention).

고 싶다

to want to..., would like to...

을/를 바라다

to hope for, to wish for, to desire

V+(으)소서

May you..., Please (solemnly)..., We humbly ask that you...

고 말겠다

"I will definitely...", "I am determined to...", "I'm going to do X, no matter what."

Listing & Addition

-도

also, too, even, either (in negative sentences)

N+들

plural suffix; group indicator

N+마다

every, each, per. Quick Usage: Attaches directly to nouns without any changes.

N+이자

"and also", "who is also", "which is also", "first and foremost... and also"

V+(이)거니

As well as, Not only... but also, Sometimes... sometimes..., Recalling that...

고

"and then," "and," "after (doing X)," "first X, then Y"

V+(으)며

while, as, and, in addition to, not only... but also

(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라

Not only... but also, in addition to, as well as

-와/과

and, with. Quick Usage: Vowel-ending noun + 와 / Consonant-ending noun + 과

-하고

-랑/이랑

and, with, together with

N+네

"the N group," "N's family/household," "people like N"

N+째

the nth, ordinal number suffix

Location & Direction

-에

at, in, on, to, for (time)

-에서

at, in, from (when indicating the origin of an action)

-에게

to (a person/animal), for (a person/animal)

-한테

to, from (when receiving from an animate source)

-께

To (honorific), For (honorific). Quick Usage: Attaches directly to nouns referring to respected individuals.

N+보고

to (someone), for (someone), tell (someone)

N+에다가

onto, into, on top of, in addition to (a place)

Means & Methods

-(으)로

by, with, to, towards, as, from (for selection)

N+(으)로서

as a..., in one's capacity as..., in the role of...

N+(으)로써

by means of, with, through, as (a means/method), as (a qualification)

-대로

according to, as, just as, in the way that, as one pleases

N+씩

each, per, apiece, at a time, in amounts of

Obligation & Permission

아/어도 되다

May I...?, Can I...?, It's okay to..., You may...

(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다

have no choice but to, cannot help but, is bound to, is inevitable that

V+(으)세요

Please do..., Would you...?, He/She/They (honorific) do/are doing...

V+아/어/여라

Command; Order; 'Do X!'

아/어 달다

Please do (for me/us); Could you (for me/us)?

V+거라, 너라

"Do!", "Go!", "Come!" (archaic command form)

지 그렇다

How about...?; Wouldn't it be good to...?; Perhaps you should...

V+(으)렴 / (으)려무나

Go ahead and..., Why don't you..., Please (in a gentle way)

아/어야 되다/하다

must, have to, should, be supposed to

지 말다

Don't..., Do not..., Stop (doing)..., Let's not...

(으)면 안 되다

Must not; Should not; Are not allowed to; It is forbidden to

V-(으)십시오

Please do..., Would you please..., (Formal/Polite Command/Request)

지 않아도 되다

don't have to, no need to, it's not necessary to

Purpose & Intention

아/어 주다

to do for someone, to give (a favor), please do for me

V+겠

"will," "would," "must be," "I guess/suppose," "I intend to"

V+(으)려고

in order to, so that one can, intend to, plan to

V+(으)ㄹ게(요)

"I will...", "I'll...", "Let me..."

V+(으)러

in order to; to (do something); for the purpose of

V+(으)마

I will..., I shall..., I intend to... Quick Usage: Used only in the first person (speaker's intention).

을/를 위해(서)

for the sake of, for, in order to (benefit/achieve)

아/어 드리다

Benefactive Expressions

V+(으)ㄹ래(요)

Do you want to...?, Shall we...?, I want to..., I'll...

V+고자

in order to, with the intention of, so that one may

V+자

Let's..., Shall we...?, As soon as..., No sooner... than...

(으)려고 하다

"intend to", "plan to", "be going to", "want to" (when expressing one's own intention).

V+게

so that; in order to; to make (something) happen; (expecting) that

아/어 보다

to try (doing something), to try out, to give (something) a try

V+도록

so that, in order to, to the point where, until

아/어 두다

(으)ㄹ까 하다

Be thinking of, Be considering, Be contemplating, Might do, Plan to (tentatively)

V+게끔

so that (it will be certain to), in such a way that (it is ensured)

V+(으)려던

was about to..., was going to..., had intended to...

(으)려던 참이다

"was just about to", "was on the verge of", "was going to" Quick Usage: Attach to verb stems, using -으려던 for stems ending in a consonant and -려던 for stems ending in a vowel or ㄹ.

Reasons & Causes

V+아/어서

because, so, and then, and (as a result)

V+(으/이)니

Since (you/it) are/is..., Seeing that..., Is it because...?

V+(으)니까

Because, Since, So, As, (Upon realizing that...)

V+(으)ㄴ/는지

perhaps because..., maybe because..., I guess it's because..., it seems that...

V+(이)라서

because it is..., since it is...

V+거든(요)

because (you see), if (you ask me), the thing is..., you know

때문에

because of, due to, on account of, since, as

아/어 가지다

to take/have [something] and do [something], to do [something] and proceed with [it], having done [something], [do something else]

V+기에

because, since, as, given that, in that, for the reason that, from the perspective of, to (do something)

V+(ㄴ/는)다니까 / (이)라니까

Because I heard that..., Since you said..., As I said..., I told you that...

N+시키다

to order (someone to do N), to make (someone do N), to have (someone do N)

(으)ㄹ 테니(까)

since I will/intend to..., as it will likely..., because I'm going to...

V+느라(고)

because of ~ing, due to ~ing, while ~ing (and thus...)

V+길래

because (I saw/heard/felt that...), since..., seeing that...

-(으)므로

since, as, because, therefore

고 보니(까)

Upon doing X, I realized Y; After doing X, I found out Y; It turns out that...

는 바람에

due to..., because of..., as a result of... (with a negative connotation)

고 나니(까)

After doing X, I realized/found that Y; Once X was done, Y happened.

는 김에

While I'm at it, Since I'm already doing X, On the occasion of, As long as I'm doing X.

V+아/어서인지

perhaps because; maybe because; it might be because; could it be that...

V+거늘

seeing that, given that, since, as, because (of the fact that)

다(가) 보니(까)

as I kept/continued doing X, I realized Y; it turns out that...; because I kept doing X, Y happened

게 하다

to make (someone do something), to cause (something to happen), to let, to allow

V+더니

after (having seen/experienced that), and then (as a result), but now (it's different)

V+(았/었/했)더니

And then; As a result of (doing X), (Y happened); After (doing X), I found that (Y)

(으)로 인하다

due to, owing to, because of, as a result of. Quick Usage: Attaches to nouns or noun phrases. The verb 인하다 conjugates normally.

(으)ㄹ까 봐

in case (something happens), for fear that, worried that, concerned that

Starting Points & Range

-까지

-부터

from, starting from, since

N+부

"the initial part of N," "the beginning section of N," "the early phase of N."

States & Progress

V+(으)ㅁ

-ing (nominalizer), the act of..., the fact that..., (formal declarative ending)

중

while, during, in the middle of, amidst

V+더라고(요)

I observed that..., I noticed that..., It turned out that..., I realized that...

V+아/어다가

"after doing X and bringing/taking it," "do X and then (use/bring) Y"

아/어 버리다

to finish doing, to end up doing, to do completely, to get it over with

아/어 나가다

to continue to do, to keep doing, to proceed with, to carry on

N+당하다

to be subjected to N, to suffer N, to undergo N, to be N-ed

고 말다

ended up ~ing, eventually ~ed, unfortunately ~ed, finally ~ed (with regret)

V+(았/었/였)었

had been, used to be, was (but no longer), double past tense

N+이다

to be, is/am/are

는/(으)ㄴ/(으)ㄹ 것

The act of ~ing, The fact that ~, What ~s/ed/will, ~ing (as a noun)

V+기

아/어 가다

아/어 지다

to become, to get, to turn (into), -ed (passive)

-(이)야

to be (informal), it is, it's

아/어 오다

"have been (doing) up until now," "to bring/carry (here)," "to come (doing something)."

고 있다

is/am/are -ing; to be in the process of; to be wearing/holding/sitting/standing

아/어 있다

to be in a state of having done something, to be V-ed

V+(았/었/였)던

"used to (do)", "that (one) did (and now it's over)", "the one who (did)"

게 되다

to come to be; to turn out that; to end up (doing); to get to (do)

아/어 내다

manage to do, succeed in doing, finally do (after difficulty), see through

V+던

used to; was/were ~ing; that I used to ~; that was ~ing

V+다가

while doing X, then Y; X-ing, and then Y; X-ing, but then Y.

아/어 놓다

to keep ~ing, to leave ~ed, to have ~ed and kept. Quick Usage: Attaches to the verb stem after 아/어 conjugation.

N+하다

to do N, to perform N, to be N-ing

(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다

Have (ever) done, Have never done, Have experience of doing

(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다

to know how to / to not know how to; to be able to / to be unable to (in terms of skill)

V+더

I recall..., I remember..., It was (when I saw it)...

(으)ㄴ 채로

"while still...", "with... on/off/open/closed", "in the state of...", "as is"

(으)ㄴ/는 편이다

tend to, be on the side of, be rather, be somewhat

N+되다

to become, to turn into, to be made into

는 길이다

On one's way to/from, while going/coming, in the middle of a journey

N+스럽다

-like, -ish, resembling, characteristic of, feels like N

기 일쑤이다

It is common for...; often; frequently; tends to; prone to

Time Expressions

때

Time and Sequence

전에

before, prior to, ago

동안

while; during; for (a period of time)

후에/뒤에

Time and Sequence

고 나서

after (doing something); having done X, then Y

V+고서

after doing X; having done X; and then

V+자마자

as soon as; right after; the moment (that)

는 길에

on the way to..., while going to..., during one's journey to...

N+경

around, approximately, about, ~ish

V+아/어/여

Present tense ending, informal-polite ending

V+았/었/였

Past tense, did, was/were

V+(스)ㅂ니다

is/are/am doing, does/do, formal present tense ending

V+(으)면서

while; as; at the same time as

N+간

for (a period of time), during, throughout

기도 하다

sometimes; at times; even; also

(으)ㄴ 지

"It has been (time) since...", "since (time ago)"

곤 하다

often do, tend to do, used to do

Topic & Subjects

-은/는

As for..., Speaking of..., Regarding..., The... (when emphasizing a specific noun)

-을/를

direct object marker, object particle, accusative case marker

-이/가

No direct English equivalent; functions as a subject identifier.

-의

-께서

honorific subject marker, respectful subject particle

에 대해(서)

about, regarding, concerning, on